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AMOCO CADIZ - Bilan du colloque sur les conséquences d'une pollution accidentelle par hydrocarbures. Brest - Novembre 1979 ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel.
Ce rapport propose une synthèse des informations présentées au Colloque «Amoco Cadiz», tenu au Centre Océanologique de Bretagne, en novembre 1979. Il fait état des études menées sur une durée de vingt mois après l'accident et aussi des travaux engagés au cours de la troisième année du suivi écologique. C'est donc le bilan d'un effort de recherche scientifique considérable mené à l'instigation du Ministère de l'Environnement et du Cadre de Vie, sous la direction du CNEXO, avec la collaboration de nombreuses équipes scientifiques françaises et étrangères. Ce bilan fait le partage entre les connaissances acquises au cours de l'expérience et les zones d'ombres pour lesquelles on ne peut apporter de réponses satisfaisantes. Le rapport présente quelques...
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Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00312/42369/41707.pdf
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Amoco Cadiz. Premières observations des conséquences à court terme de la pollution par hydrocarbures sur l'environnement marin. Journée spéciale Amoco Cadiz, Brest, France - 7 juin 1978 ArchiMer
Conan, Gérard; D'Ozouville, Laurent; Marchand, Michel.
L'ensemble des observations scientifiques réalisées tant à la côte qu'en mer représentait dès le premier mois après l' accident une quantité importante d'informations et de données qu'il convenait de recueillir. La décision de tenir au Centre Océanologique de Bretagne la réunion annuelle du groupe de Travail du Conseil I nternational pour l' Exploration de la Mer consacrée à l' étude des hydrocarbures dans le milieu marin, a fourni l'occasion recherchée : en dehors de la session ordinaire du groupe, qui s 'est déroulée les 8 et 9 Juin 1978, une séance extraordinaire consacrée à l'exposé des résultats préliminaires obtenus par les diverses équipes sicentifiques a eu lieu le 7 Juin 1978. Le présent volume regroupe sous forme d 'une quinzaine de textes les 19...
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Ano: 1978 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00451/56295/57876.pdf
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Analyse des hydrocarbures volatils dans l'eau par entraÎnement gazeux - Application de la technique de Grob ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel; Caprais, Jean-claude.
The analysis of volatile organic substances requires a specifie methodology. We have taken up the Grob's procedure [1]. Enrichment of the volatile trace organics is performed by close-loop gaseous stripping followed by absorption on a microcharcoal filter. The organic substances are eluted from the charcoal by 15 µ of carbon disulfide and analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography. The recovery of the method (trapping from water, desorption from activated charcoal) is determined for different kinds of volatile organic compounds: saturated hydrocarbons (n-C7 to n-C19), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, naphtalene and alkylated compounds) and chloro-aromatic hydrocarbons of benzene and naphthalene.
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Ano: 1983 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00186/29769/28212.pdf
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Apports et distribution des résidus organochlorés à haut poids moléculaire dans la rade de Brest (milieu marin semi-fermé) ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel; Caprais, Jean-claude; Cossonmannevy, Ma; Moriniere, P.
The aim of this work is to study the input, transfer and distribution processes of chlorinated insecticides (lindane, DDT) and PCB residues in a semi-closed coastal marine environment. Measurements are made in sea water, rain water and sediment samples. Distribution coefficients between sea water and sediment are determined for several organochlorine insecticide and PCB compounds. The results show an important transfer of chlorinated residues from the atmosphere to the marine environment. The highest residue levels in the sediments are observed near other urban and industrial pollution sources. Analyses of mussels show that this mollusc can be used as a biological indicator of sea water pollution. Concentration factors are determined for lindane,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Organochlorés; Eau; Sédiments; Matière vivante; Rade de Brest; Organochlorine; Water; Sediments; Biota; Rade de Brest.
Ano: 1983 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00114/22481/20162.pdf
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Critères de pollution par hydrocarbures dans les sédiments marins. Étude appliquée à la pollution du "Bohlen" ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel; Roucache, J.
In October 16, 1976, the tanker "Bohlen" was wrecked in the Mer d'Iroise, at about 35 miles of Brest, and lossed about 7 000 t of Boscan crude oil. The coast of Brittany was polluted by 3 000 t, and 4000 t were dispersed in the marine environment. In July 1977, 23 surface sediment samples were collected to look for the traces of oil spill in the sea bottom, 9 months after the shipwreck. Only one sediment was very iittle polluted by the Boscan crude oil. Elsewhere, two other kinds of oil pollution were observed in sorne sediment samples. Severa! quantitative and qualitative criteria were used to research sorne oil pollution in the marine sediments and to know the origin: hydrocarbon concentrations, ratios total organic extra ct 1 organic carbon,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Pollution; Hydrocarbures; Sédiments; « Bohlen »; Pollution; Hydrocarbons; Sediments; "Bohlen".
Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00121/23206/21051.pdf
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Détermination de la pollution chimique des baies de Jakarta, Banten, Cilacap (Indonésie). Hydrocarbures, organochlores, métaux ArchiMer
Martin, Jean-louis; Marchand, Michel; Le Guellec, Anne-marie; Caprais, Jean-claude.
Analyses of pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's) and hydrocarbons have been carried out in sediments and water samples from the bays of Jakarta, Banten and Cilacap. Heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Cr) have been analysed in sediment samples fram the same areas. - Organic pollutants : The results show that for pesticides, PCB and hydrocarbons, in water and in sediments, there is no significant pollution for the bays of Banten, Cilacap and Jakarta. The bay of Banten, where most of the concentrations are under the detection limits, that is ta say 2 ug/kg for the sediment and 2 ng/1 for the sea water, can be considered as a reference area. For total hydrocarbons and DDT, the bays of Cilacap and Jakarta show concentrations which can be...
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Ano: 1983 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00094/20546/18217.pdf
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Distribution of hydrocarbons in water and marine sediments after the Amoco Cadiz and ixtoc-I oil spills ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel; Monfort, Jean-pierre; Cortes-rubio, Amand.
The shipwreck of the Amoco Cadiz supertanker on the rocks of the Brittany coast in France (March 1978) and the blowout of Ixtoc-I well in the Gulf of Mexico (June 1979) were the most important oil spills ever recorded. The crude oils discharged in the marine environment from both accidents were light petroleums and their chemical compositions were similar (Table 1). After these two oil spills we examined the hydrocarbon pollution in the marine environment. Our chemical studies were limited to an overall estimate of the oil content to assess the importance of and the extent of the pollution at the seawater surface and into the water colurmn plus the sediment contamination. The andytical techniques used were UV spectrofluorometry for the seawater samples...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Histoire Ifremer.
Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1981/publication-5368.pdf
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« Dynamique, Evaluation et Surveillance des Ecosystèmes côtiers » - Activités de surveillance des eaux littorales ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel.
L'océan, composante fondamentale du système Terre, est essentiel à l'activité de l'homme parce qu'il fournit des ressources vivantes, notamment dans la zone côtière, la plus riche et la plus productive, mais également la plus menacée, en terme d'aménagements, de pollutions, de surexploitation des ressources. A ce titre, I'lfremer, organisme de recherche et de développement technologique finalisé, est chargé « d'améliorer les méthodes de surveillance, de prévision d'évolution, de protection et de mise en valeur du milieu marin et côtier ». La surveillance vise globalement la protection du milieu marin et peut se décliner en différents objectifs : - l'évaluation des niveaux et des tendances dans le temps et dans l'espace de la qualité du milieu, -...
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Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00304/41539/40747.pdf
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Estimation par spectrofluométrie des concentrations d'hydrocarbures dans l'eau de mer en Manche Occidentale à la suite du naufrage de l"AMOCO CADIZ" du 30 mars au 18 avril 1978 ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel.
The oil .pollution,resulting from the "AMOCO CADIZ" tanker spill on the Brittany coast of North Finistere-has affected a very large section of the western Channel, limited for the period covering March 30 to April 18 to the west by the 5°W meridian, to the east by the St-Brieuc Bay, to the north by the 49°20' parallel. The contents of hydrocarbons observed in sea water at different levels show that the whole of water column is contaminated by hy­drocarbons and indicate very probably the pollution of the sedimentary phase in the areas, hited by the drifting sheets.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Amoco Cadiz; Hydrocarbures; Eau de mer; Spectrofluorométrie; Manche; Amoco Cadiz; Sea-water; Spectrofluorometry; English Channel.
Ano: 1978 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00306/41717/40928.pdf
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Etude ecologique des vibrions du bassin d'Arcachon ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel.
Water and sediment samples monthly collected from Arcachon Bay (Gironde, France) were examined during three years for the presence of marine vibrios. V. cholerae serotype 01 was never detected. On the other hand, the Eyre River and mouth contain non-agglutinating V. cholerae (127 strains) principally in water. The low temperatures slow their development down without stopping it completely. V. parahaemolyticus (257 strains) present in the same areas is particularly isolated from water when the aquatic medium temperature rises to 15 degree C. V. alginolyticus (638 strains) settles the whole Bay, except the river, in any season. The low temperatures promote growth of V. metschnikovii (203 strains) very tolerant towards salinity. V. anguillarum (46 strains)...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Vibrio metschnikovii; Vibrio anguillarum; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio; Marine environment; Microorganisms; Sediments; Salinity effects; Temperature effects; Ecology; Water.
Ano: 1984 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-998.pdf
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Évaluation du risque chimique dans l’environnement marin : exemple d’application aux installations industrielles du Nord-Cotentin ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel; Tissier, Chrystele.
In the context of the European legislation on chemicals (existing, new chemicals and biocides) a risk assessment for the environment and human health is performed. A technical guidance document (TGD), in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No1488/64 on risk assessment for existing substances has been developed in 1996 and was recently adapted for the marine environment. The methodological concept is based on the relation between a value representing the contamination level of a chemical substance in the environment (exposure assessment) and a value representing its effects on the environment (effects assessment). The exposure value is expressed as PEC for “Predicted...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Risque chimique; Milieu marin; TGD; Chemical risk assessment; Marine environment; TGD.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00165/27652/25821.pdf
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Identification des organochlorés à haut poids moléculaire par chromatographie en phase gazeuse sur colonnes capillaires ArchiMer
Caprais, Jean-claude; Marchand, Michel.
The use of glass capillary columns in gas-liquid chromatography, to identify high weight molecular organochlorine compounds, greatly improve the capacity of separation of the different detected compounds, specially between PCB residues and sorne chlorinated insectieides (dieldrin, DDT and metabolites). A comparison is given between chromatographie results obtained with glass capillary columns and classical columns.
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Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00186/29770/28213.pdf
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Interprétation du contrôle RNO (1975-1982) des polluants chimiques organiques (Hydrocarbures, détergents, organochlores) dans l'eau ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel.
Un essai d'interprétation des données acquises dans le cadre du Réseau National d'Observation du Milieu Marin (RNO), concernant la surveillance des polluants chimiques organiques dans l'eau, est présenté. Cette interprétation concerne trois classes de paramêtres chimiques : - organochlorés : PCB et lindane - hydrocarbures totaux - détergents anioniques.
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Ano: 1983 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00080/19172/16767.pdf
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La pollution chimique marine. Quelles politiques pour une protection durable de l'océan et des mers côtières ? ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel.
The coastal marine environment presents some specificity compared to other aquatic environments: it is both the receiving end of pollution on land and the most biologically rich marine area, where are developing many uses (fisheries and aquaculture, salt production, tourism, thalassotherapy). The coastal zone is therefore vulnerable to chronic chemical pollution and its protection requires research, monitoring and regulation. A dual strategy can be put into place: a preventive approach to avoid placing on the market of toxic substances to humans and the environment, and a retrospective approach based on public policies for the protection and restoration of degraded aquatic environments.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Regulation; Monitoring; Research; Chemical pollution; Marine environment; Réglementation; Surveillance; Recherche; Pollution chimique; Milieu marin.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6374.pdf
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Les contaminants chimiques dans la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel; Tissier, C; Tixier, Celine; Tronczynski, Jacek.
Le département "Polluants Chimiques"du Centre Ifremer de Nantes, par ses différentes structures de recherche, d’expertise (Cellule ARC) et de coordination RNO, est directement impliqué dans la mise en oeuvre de la DCE au niveau du thème des contaminants chimiques : réflexion sur la pertinence des substances prioritaires vis-à-vis du milieu marin, élaboration des normes de qualité environnementale, participation d’un représentant Ifremer au groupe de travail communautaire AMPS (« Analysis and moniroring of priority substances) pour les aspects liés à l’analyse et à la stratégie de surveillance des substances prioritaires, liens entre la coordination RNO et la mise en oeuvre de la DCE, expertise et valorisation des données de la surveillance (utilisation des...
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Ano: 2004 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00326/43757/43301.pdf
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Les pollutions marines accidentelles. Au-delà du pétrole brut, les produits chimiques et autres déversements en mer ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel.
At every new marine pollution the same interrogations : to take action and in which way? What could be the consequences? At first, to know the behaviour of pollutants, hydrocarbon or chemicals. But the improvement of knowledges or expert appraisement will not be sufficient with regards to a liberal logic which is not interested in maritime safety.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Inervention; Chemicals; Petroleum; Accidental pollution; Marine pollution; Produit chimique; Hydrocarbure; Petrole brut; Pollution accidentelle; Pollution marine.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/publication-1008.pdf
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Les polychlorobiphényles (PCB) en milieu marin : biogéochimie et écotoxicologie ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel; Abarnou, Alain; Marcaillou-le Baut, Claire.
This report synthesizes the knowledge on the behaviour, bioconcentration processes and ecotoxicity ofPCB in the marine environment. Contamination levels of the French coasts are examined. Concentration levels, mechanisms andfluxes between geochemicai reservoirs are assessed. Emphasis is given on subiethai effects and toxicity mechanisms. Quality standards used in European Community countries are listed. Conclusions and recommendations for environmentai management and research are given.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: PCB; Biogéochimie; Contamination; Écotoxicologie; PCBs; Biogeochemistry; Contamination; Ecotoxicology.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00148/25954/24045.pdf
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Pollutants in deep-sea organisms and sediments ArchiMer
Arima, Satoshi; Marchand, Michel; M.martin, Jean-louis.
Analyses of pollutants, organochlorine residues and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, Hg) were carried out in deep-sea organisms, Asteridea, Holoturioidea, fishes.Heavy metals conlent was determined in sediments. Organochlorine residues were detected in all deep-sea organisms.However, the concentrations observed are similar to those for marine organisms from coastal areas.For heavy metals, high concentrations of mercury, up to 7.5 ppm/dry weight and 6.5 ppm are observed in echinoderms and sediment respectively.High concentrations of lead, up to 167 ppm, occur in the gills of fishes.For other metals, the values observed are roughly similar to those from the literature. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Histoire Ifremer.
Ano: 1979 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1979/publication-5268.pdf
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Processus géochimiques d'apports et de distribution des polluants organiques dans l'environnement marin. Etude appliquée aux hydrocarbures et hydrocarbures halogènes ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel.
Ce mémoire constitue une synthèse de dix années de travail, consacrées pour l'essentiel à l'étude de différents aspects de la pollution chimique organique dans l'environnement marin. Les travaux réalisés ont été marqués par cette évolùtion précédemment évoquée. Plutôt que de les introduire en respectant un ordre chronologique, nous avons préféré les présenter selon des thèmes d'études ou de réflexion.
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Ano: 1985 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24869/22957.pdf
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Purge-and-trap gc-ms analysis of volatile organic-compounds from the guaymas basin hydrothermal site (gulf of california) ArchiMer
Marchand, Michel; Termonia, M; Caprais, Jean-claude; Wybauw, M.
During the French-Mexican cruise 'Guaynaut', carried out in November 1991 in the southern depression of the Guaymas Basin (gulf of California), an actively spreading oceanic basin, various samples were collected by means of the submersible 'Nautile'. The on-line coupling of purge and trap to capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (P/T-GC-MS) has been applied to the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in water, sediments and hydrothermal deposit samples in order to contribute to the characterization of the bacterial microflora activity which is developed on this particular hydrothermal site. The results obtained for alkanes, monoaromatic hydrocarbons and organosulfur compounds lead to successful interpretation in terms of bacterial activity.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Volatile organic compounds (VOC); Hydrothermalism; Guaymas Basin.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00186/29768/28265.pdf
Registros recuperados: 24
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